Turnout

Classical ballet had its origins in the courts of Europe where the turned out foot and leg was considered elegant ans stylish. From there the technique grew, using the leg turned out from the hip joint for increased range of movement. The technique we see today stretches the physique to its maximum, with its high extensions and athletic jumps. The use of turnout is fundamental, but unless the control of the pelvis and weight placement is fully understood it will unbalanced the body. The external rotation of the hips is controlled by the gluteus maximus, the small rotators which are deepest muscles in the gluteal area, and, most importantly, the adductors, or the inner thigh muscles. Once the pelvis is balanced, these muscles of the inner thigh are activated strongly, pressing the thighs together, rotating them forward and flattening the thigh at the front.Turnout must be particularly well reinforced in pointe work and jumping where contact with the floor is reduced.
Source : THE FOUNDATIONS OF CLASSICAL BALLET TECHNIQUE ROYAL ACADEMY OF DANCE

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